Lecture 1: Basics of light and imaging (duration:1h30)
Objectives
- Review and understanding of basic principles of light
- Review and understanding of basic principles of imaging system ( pinhole camera, lenses, …)
Contents
- Basics of light: physical nature (what is light and how to describe it, basic wave equation, amplitude, phase),light spectrum, coherence …
- Interaction between light and surface: refraction, specular and diffusive reflection.
- Empty magnification
- Pixels and aliasing
- Lighting techniques
- Interferences, diffraction, fringes, …
- Imaging:
- Principle of lenses
- Imaging distance, magnification, focal distance
- Field of View, Depth of field, aperture (F-number),exposure time
- Spherical and chromatic aberration
- Distortion
- Zoom lenses, macro lenses, telecentric lenses
- Technology of CCD and CMOS sensors: construction, fill factor, aliasing, integration time
- Other sensors (ISIS, ICCD…)
- Camera technology: digitization, difference between general public and industrial cameras, connection (fire wire, utp …) and drivers, frame grabber, synchronization with other devices. Shuttering.
- Specificities of (ultra)high speed cameras: frame rate vs. resolution
- Image formats (8 bit up to 16 bit, tiff format, including compression)
- Camera selection
Competencies
- Knowledge of essential elements of geometrical optics
- Ability to select appropriate lens for a specific application
- Ability to select an appropriate camera device for a specific application
